Towards the southeast of Sri Lanka, Kumana is an ornithologist’s paradise. It sits on an area of 18,149 hectare as a bird sanctuary, home to a vast number of winged creatures. One of the main attractions of this park is the 'Kumana Villu' - which is a swamp lake, around 200 hectare. It is a mangrove swamp that serves as a resting place for many water birds specially during May and June. Bird watchers can catch a regular glimpse of rare black-necked stork, spoonbills, pelicans, painted storks, herons, egrets, white ibis and the little cormorants. Apart from birds, the National Park also has a considerable amount of Leopards and Elephants.
Avifauna: The national park is largely visited for the migratory Waterfowl and Water birds. Other species spotted here are Eurasian spoonbills, Black-necked stork, Lesser adjunt and Great thick knee are breeding inhabitants. Amongst others are Asian open-bill, Glossy ibis, Purple heron, Great egret, Indian pond heron, Black-crowned Night heron, Intermediate egret, Little egret, Spot-billed pelican, Indian cormorant, Little cormorant, Common moorhen, Watercock, Purple swamp hen, White-breasted water hen, Pheasant-tailed jacana, Black-winged stilt, Lesser whistling duck and little Grebe.
Flora: The national park seated upon a tropical thorn forest has the rarest of the land and aquatic plant species. Some of them are arjuna, lotus, water lily, cassia fistula etc. One will also find a number of medicinal plants and some ancient floral species that are being preserved carefully like the birds and animals.
Fauna: The vegetation here consists mangrove trees alongwith kumbuk trees and the karan fern. There is also an open marsh area.
Mammals: Sri Lankan Elephant, European Otter, Fishing cat, Wild boar and the Golden jackal.
Reptiles: Indian black turtle, Mugger Crocodile and Indian flap-shelled turtle.
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